{"id":17262,"date":"2025-10-16T11:24:45","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T11:24:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presscouncil-ks.org\/?p=17262"},"modified":"2025-10-21T10:48:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T10:48:42","slug":"the-media-landscape-of-the-western-balkans-and-turkey-stuck-in-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/presscouncil-ks.org\/?p=17262&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"The Media Landscape of the Western Balkans and Turkey: Stuck in Transition"},"content":{"rendered":"

If journalism is to survive, it must not only defend itself legally and through unions, but also revolutionarily redefine its role, format, and economic foundation \u2013 making the public interest, rather than profit or political influence, its central goal.<\/em>\u00a0This is particularly evident in Southeast Europe and Turkey, where the crisis of journalism is further complicated by a failed transition and deep economic instability.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

By: Minel Abaz<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

These issues were in focus at the panel\u00a0\u201cFuture of Journalism in the Western Balkans and Turkey \u2013 What Future?\u201d<\/strong>, held as part of the international conference\u00a0Our Media<\/a><\/em><\/strong>, organized by the South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) and\u00a0Mediacentar Sarajevo<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The panel gathered experts from various countries and fields, from journalism unions to academia. Among the participants were\u00a0Remzi Lani\u00a0<\/strong>(Albania),\u00a0Sinem Aydinli\u00a0<\/strong>(Turkey),\u00a0\u017daneta Trajkoska\u00a0<\/strong>(North Macedonia),\u00a0Helena Milinkovi\u0107\u00a0<\/strong>(Slovenia) and\u00a0Lejla Tur\u010dilo\u00a0<\/strong>(Bosnia and Herzegovina). Their shared conclusion was clear: the media have found themselves in a counter-revolution where noise, not argument, is the main weapon.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Political Pressure and the Collapse of Freedom: Turkey as a Paradigm<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The media situation in Turkey served as a dramatic introduction to what, in a milder form, is spreading across the region: a systemic suppression of freedom of expression through economic, legal, and digital means.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Media researcher\u00a0Sinem Aydinli<\/strong>\u00a0stated that journalism in Turkey is\u00a0\u201cunder siege by powerful political and economic pressures,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0with the profession\u2019s economic sustainability weakened and public trust in the media declining year after year.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aydinli provided numerous examples illustrating the repression. Journalists are often prosecuted on charges of\u00a0\u201cterrorist propaganda\u201d<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0\u201cmembership in terrorist organizations,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0and legal tools such as Article 301, which criminalizes\u00a0\u201cpublicly insulting the Turkish nation and the Republic of Turkey,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0are often used. Even laws on public gatherings and demonstrations are increasingly applied against journalists. An illustrative example is the case when, following the arrest of Istanbul\u2019s mayor, journalists, particularly photojournalists, who documented police violence were detained.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Beyond direct pressure, digital control poses another serious issue. Aydinli noted that Google\u2019s algorithms promote pro-government media in 89% of cases, drastically reducing the visibility of independent outlets. Regulatory bodies such as RT\u00dcK (Radio and Television Supreme Council) selectively penalize independent media, while the public broadcaster TRT\u00a0\u201csimply amplifies the official government line.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The result is an ethical collapse. Aydinli quoted independent ombudsman Faruk Bildirici, who referred to the case of the murder of an eight-year-old girl. The media at the time\u00a0\u201craced to publish sensationalist and unverified claims,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0which led the public to believe that\u00a0\u201cthe entire family was guilty.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0That shows how the media in Turkey, in pursuit of ratings,\u00a0\u201cabandoned ethics and verification.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Economic Paralysis and the Silent Departure of Youth<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The economic model of journalism in the Western Balkans shows the same symptoms, but with a particular focus on the poverty of the profession and the exodus of young people.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lejla Tur\u010dilo, a professor at the Faculty of Political Science at the University of Sarajevo, speaking about the future of journalism and education, revealed that students entering the program ask two key questions:\u00a0\u201cWill journalism survive by the time we graduate?\u201d and \u201cWhat\u2019s in it for me?\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tur\u010dilo pointed to alarming figures for Bosnia and Herzegovina: net salaries for journalists range from 600 BAM (\u20ac305) to 1,700 BAM (\u20ac865). The lowest salary covers only 25 percent of the consumer basket, while the highest reaches just 57 percent.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cAll those issues I mentioned theoretically \u2013 political pressures, the economic situation, poor working conditions, in Bosnia and Herzegovina they\u2019re multiplied by ten,\u201d Tur\u010dilo summarized.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Low incomes, combined with the high risks of the profession and poor working conditions, make journalism a\u00a0\u201cpoor profession\u201d\u00a0<\/em>that offers no prospects for young people. Research in Turkey has shown a similar trend, where students avoid journalism because it is\u00a0\u201ccriminalized, too risky, and too poorly paid.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0In that context, Tur\u010dilo warned that generations of journalists who remember the\u00a0\u201cBefore Google (BG) times\u201d<\/em>\u00a0are\u00a0\u201ctrying to fit new things into old boxes,\u201d\u00a0<\/em>while younger audiences live in entirely new digital conditions, following bloggers, influencers, and podcasts.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cThe Sleeping Beauty\u201d and the Revolutionary Imperative<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

As the economy collapses and political pressure grows, the media in the region remain passive, waiting, in the words of\u00a0Zaneta Trajkoska\u00a0<\/strong>from North Macedonia, to be\u00a0\u201ccorrupted and clientelized.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trajkoska, who works as a director, science advisor, and professor at the Institute of Communication Studies in Skopje, described the media scene in North Macedonia with a striking analogy:\u00a0\u201cThe media situation [\u2026] is like in a dream \u2013 \u2018a sleeping beauty.\u2019 They are just waiting.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Such passivity has direct consequences: the media have surrendered their role in shaping the public agenda to political parties, which today\u00a0\u201chave their own editorial offices inside, their own social media, podcasts.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Political actors have\u00a0\u201ccompletely bypassed journalists\u201d<\/em>\u00a0and taken over their role in society. Because of this, Trajkoska called for a radical turnaround.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cI think the future of journalism could survive in some form as we know it today if we do a little bit more \u2013 not an evolutionary, but a revolutionary approach.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The key to that revolution, Trajkoska argues, lies in breaking out of the \u201cbubbles\u201d in which academia, civil society, and the media have long operated. She calls for urgent networking:\u00a0\u201cWe need to connect \u2013 without money, without donors.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Resistance and Learning from the Public: A Lesson from Slovenia<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In the fight against the political takeover of public media, the experience of\u00a0Helena Milinkovi\u0107\u00a0<\/strong>from RTV Slovenia offers a rare example of successful, two-year union resistance.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

After Janez Jan\u0161a\u2019s government, following Orb\u00e1n\u2019s example, attempted to take over the public broadcaster in 2020, journalists and media workers\u00a0\u201cdid not sleep.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The central idea was that journalists must stop fighting alone and mobilize a broader network, including lawyers, academia, and civil society, because\u00a0\u201cno one can survive alone.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Milinkovi\u0107 warned that\u00a0\u201cthe danger is growing\u201d\u00a0<\/em>and that journalists have no choice but to work amid\u00a0\u201cincreasing harassment, intimidation, surveillance, and threats to their lives and livelihoods.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>The key message of the union resistance was: do not underestimate the public.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cWe always think we are the smartest. No, they know a lot. Don\u2019t just talk about your problem \u2013 find their problem within your problem so they can identify with it.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>The strategy paid off: in the referendum in Slovenia, 70 percent of people voted in favor of the RTV Slovenia Act \u2013 a result achieved by going beyond the capital and listening to the citizens. Their tactic of resistance was:\u00a0\u201cWe are like mushrooms. We are everywhere. And when they try to silence us, we grow somewhere else. They cannot silence us all at once.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Struggle for a Young Audience and a New Humanism<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The last line of defense for journalism lies in its ability to adapt to an audience whose attention span is shrinking to a minimum.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Helena Milinkovi\u0107 pointed out that the attention span among young people has drastically decreased. \u201cWhen I was a student, the attention span was around ten seconds. Now it\u2019s about one and a half seconds.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>This change requires a rethink of media formats, because if the media continue in the\u00a0\u201cold-fashioned way,\u201d\u00a0<\/em>journalism will become\u00a0\u201cjust another propaganda machine in the future.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In his closing remarks,\u00a0Remzi Lani<\/strong>, director of the Albanian Media Institute, offered a broader, philosophical analysis of the regional crisis, concluding that the Western Balkan media landscape is \u201cstuck in transition\u201d and that we are currently facing a\u00a0\u201ccounterrevolution.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lani contextualized the current conflict as one between\u00a0\u201cNew Humanism versus Old Humanism.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>The Old Humanism, from Descartes to the Enlightenment, sought to free humankind from theology.\u00a0\u201cThe New Humanism faces the challenge of the individual human being versus technology.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This means that the struggle of journalism is no longer only against politicians and tycoons, but also against the\u00a0\u201cunpredictability\u201d<\/em>\u00a0of algorithms, censorship, and technology that is reshaping human attention itself.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In the context of the\u00a0Future of Media in the Western Balkans and Turkey<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>study, conducted by the SEENPM, which highlights the lack of sustainable business models and the dangerous ties between the media and those in power, the panel\u2019s conclusions emerge as a clear call to action.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The regional program<\/em> \u201cOur Media: <\/em><\/strong>A civil society action to generate media literacy and activism, counter polarisation and promote dialogue\u201d is implemented with the financial support of the European Union by partner organizations <\/em>SEENPM<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Albanian Media Institute<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Mediacentar Sarajevo<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Press Council of Kosovo<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Montenegrin Media Institute<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Macedonian Institute for Media<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Novi Sad School of Journalism<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Peace Institute<\/em><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/em>Bianet<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This article was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility SEENPM and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Co-funded by:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

If journalism is to survive, it must not only defend itself legally and through unions, but also revolutionarily redefine its role, format, and economic foundation \u2013 making the public interest, rather than profit or political influence, its central goal.\u00a0This is particularly evident in Southeast Europe and Turkey, where the crisis of journalism is further complicated […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Media Landscape of the Western Balkans and Turkey: Stuck in Transition - K\u00ebshilli i Mediave t\u00eb Shkruara t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs | P\u00ebr nj\u00eb gazetari etike dhe profesionale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/presscouncil-ks.org\/?p=17262&lang=en\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Media Landscape of the Western Balkans and Turkey: Stuck in Transition - 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