{"id":17236,"date":"2025-10-14T13:17:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T13:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presscouncil-ks.org\/?p=17236"},"modified":"2025-10-21T10:49:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T10:49:14","slug":"europes-ripple-effect-media-freedom-reimagined","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/presscouncil-ks.org\/?p=17236&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Europe\u2019s Ripple Effect: Media Freedom Reimagined"},"content":{"rendered":"

We live in an era when the very foundations of journalism are being renegotiated\u2014between the demands of digital capitalism, the rise of algorithmic governance, and the enduring need for truth in public life.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

By: Nevena R\u0161umovi\u0107<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

These tensions, as well as the possibility of creating new frameworks for their understanding and overcoming, were at the center of the panel\u00a0\u201cOn the Frontline of Defending Freedom of Expression\u201d<\/em>\u00a0at the\u00a0International Our Media Conference<\/a><\/strong>, recently organized by the SEENPM network and\u00a0Mediacentar Sarajevo<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dr Snje\u017eana Milivojevi\u0107,<\/strong>\u00a0former professor at the University of Belgrade, stressed that the world is navigating a unique and turbulent moment demanding deep reflection on the state and future of media.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The media\u2019s role has rarely been more vulnerable\u2014yet paradoxically, this moment offers an unprecedented opportunity, driven by the paradigmatic change in media regulation embodied in the European Union\u2019s new suite of laws:\u00a0the European Media Freedom Act [EMFA], Digital Services Act [DSA], Digital Markets Act [DMA] and Artificial Intelligence Act [AI Act]<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

These regulations\u2014particularly the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA)\u2014mark a historic shift in how media are perceived and governed across Europe and beyond. They acknowledge that the media is no longer a national issue but a shared European concern, Milivojevi\u0107 noted.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cFor the first time, Europe is crafting a comprehensive regulatory framework that unites previously fragmented spheres\u2014broadcasting, press, local, and national\u2014within a single system suited to the digital age\u201d, Milivojevi\u0107 argued.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Spillover effect \u2013 EU media laws apply to foreign actors<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cThough Europe lags in digital innovation, it leads in regulating it\u201d, Milivojevi\u0107 said. The EMFA forms part of a broader package spanning privacy, AI governance, and online platform accountability, consolidating all digital services circulating in the EU.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cCrucially, it abandons the old\u00a0country-of-origin<\/em>\u00a0principle in favour of collective European oversight applying equally to foreign actors operating inside or outside EU borders\u201d, Milivojevi\u0107 argued further explaining that \u201cnon-EU actors are not protected with the\u00a0country-of-origin\u00a0<\/em>principle, which was always a safe harbour for big tech platforms\u201d.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Snje\u017eana Milivojevi\u0107<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cUnder the EMFA, any non-EU media service targeting EU citizens will fall under European regulatory oversight\u201d, she pointed out, adding that the new approach also applies to non-EU media in their neighbourhood, including within South-East Europe.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cThis is not protectionism, but a European cosmopolitanism ensuring a level playing field and safeguarding of fundamental rights\u2014especially media freedom\u2014within the digital realm\u201d, Milivojevi\u0107 argued.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The new EU media laws will inevitably create a spillover effect across the Western Balkans and Southeast Europe. Some media groups already operate\u2014or plan to operate\u2014beyond national borders, distributing content across neighbouring EU member states. This means cross-border media from the Western Balkans could be held to stricter standards and subject to complaints mechanisms available to EU audiences, effectively extending the EU\u2019s media governance framework into the region, Milivojevi\u0107 explained.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Regulatory shield from political interference<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

At its core, the EMFA recognizes that media\u2014central to democracy\u2014requires active protection in the digital age. It introduces safeguards against political interference and manipulation, addressing today\u2019s environment of disinformation and external influence.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Act also confronts the dominance of big-tech platforms, demanding transparency and accountability in how content is moderated and disseminated. It obliges major online platforms to apply distinct rules to recognized media outlets, ensuring fair treatment, reducing arbitrary takedowns, and strengthening journalistic independence.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

What distinguishes the EMFA from previous regulatory mechanisms is its focus on citizens\u2019 rights. \u201cFor the first time, it enshrines access to pluralistic, high-quality information as an individual right, affirming that every citizen must be able to rely on trustworthy, diverse sources\u2014and that states must enable this right\u201d, Milivojevi\u0107 stressed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cThis marks a leap from protecting\u00a0the press<\/em>\u00a0to safeguarding\u00a0the public\u2019s<\/em>\u00a0right to information serving the common good\u2014critical in an era of distrust and widespread scepticism toward the media\u201d, she explained.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

EMFA as a challenge and opportunity for Western Balkans<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

For the Western Balkans and Southeast Europe, the implications are far-reaching, Milivojevi\u0107 warned. Aspirant EU members will face mounting pressure to harmonize national laws with these standards.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This extends beyond compliance: it embeds principles of independence, pluralism, and transparency into the region\u2019s legal fabric. \u201cThe EMFA\u2019s extraterritorial scope means Southeast European outlets operating within EU markets\u2014or accessible to EU audiences\u2014will be subject to its rules, influencing how they produce and distribute content\u201d, Milivojevi\u0107 emphasized.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The regional media environment\u2014already challenged by ownership concentration, external influence, and public distrust\u2014will need to adapt. As Dr Milivojevi\u0107 observed, the regulation addresses the vulnerabilities of media ecosystems in regions where disinformation campaigns and foreign-backed manipulation have become powerful tools. The EMFA could provide a safeguard, but its effectiveness depends on local governments, civil society, and media professionals actively advocating for authentic implementation.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Equally significant is the potential impact on media consumption. As digital engagement grows, audiences increasingly abandon traditional outlets for social media and alternative platforms, often doubting the reliability of information. In Southeast Europe, many users verify news through search engines or personal networks, undermining journalism\u2019s authority. Dr Milivojevi\u0107 emphasized that this shift highlights an urgent need to rebuild trust and prioritize transparency and quality\u2014goals the new EU framework explicitly supports.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In conclusion, the EMFA is more than another legislative measure; it is a bold, rights-based reimagining of media governance. It elevates the debate from fragmented national policies to a unified European framework responsive to technological and democratic realities.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

For the Western Balkans and Southeast Europe, it represents both a challenge\u2014to meet demanding new standards\u2014and an opportunity to align more closely with Europe\u2019s highest democratic values.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Press freedom worldwide \u2013 \u2018to be determined\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sarah Clark<\/strong>\u00a0of\u00a0IFEX<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0painted a stark global picture, calling this moment\u00a0\u201cto be determined\u201d<\/em>\u00a0for press freedom and democracy. Representing a network of over 100 organisations in 70 countries, she noted that in nearly\u00a080 percent of them<\/strong>, media freedom is on a downward path.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

She linked this regression to two seismic shocks \u2014 the Trump administration\u2019s retreat from international norms and the Gaza war \u2014 both exposing deep cracks in the global system meant to uphold rights. Clark described \u201can international system in free fall,\u201d with the U.S. withdrawal from global institutions accelerating the erosion of accountability and emboldening autocratic governments worldwide.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

She underlined how Western hypocrisy \u2014 especially in the response to Gaza and repression of protests \u2014 has shattered trust in media and democratic institutions. Yet she also pointed to \u201cbright lights\u201d: even in countries where press freedom faces serious challenges, efforts to demand accountability show that resistance, though tested, continues to persist.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Clark warned that the unchecked power of tech monopolies now poses a new frontier of threats, with major platforms resisting EU regulation and amplifying disinformation. Still, she closed on a call to defend and widen spaces for independent journalism and civic action before the next wave of democratic backsliding hits.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

From erosion to action<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Brankica Petkovi\u0107<\/strong>\u00a0from\u00a0Slovenia\u2019s Peace Institute<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>supported that global perspective with data and research. Drawing from regional and EU-wide studies, she described a \u201cstructural erosion\u201d of conditions enabling free expression \u2014 not through direct censorship, but through \u201csubstitution\u201d: flooding the public space with\u00a0propaganda, hate speech, and manufactured pluralism<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

She highlighted a paradoxical growth of media outlets alongside a shrinking professional core of journalists \u2014 a \u201clandscape growing in quantity but not in quality.\u201d This, she argued, mirrors a wider legitimacy crisis where citizens feel detached from the media and democratic systems.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Erol \u00d6ndero\u011flu i Brankica Petkovi\u0107<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yet\u00a0Petkovi\u0107 refused fatalism<\/strong><\/a>. She cited emerging signs of resilience \u2014 from student protests in Serbia to various regional collaborations. Europe, she insisted, must lead in rebuilding democratic media systems, but without complacency: \u201cEurope is not a flawless model.\u201d The EU\u2019s legal frameworks, such as the EMFA, must be coupled with local partnerships and community-rooted solutions.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cDefending press freedom isn\u2019t enough on its own \u2014 we must also expand and strengthen the spaces for independent journalism and civic action\u201d, Petkovi\u0107 said.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Truth is everyone\u2019s fight<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Erol \u00d6ndero\u011flu<\/strong>, a seasoned reporter from Turkey and a representative of the Reporters Without Borders, brought a sobering perspective from his country, where most of the media is government-controlled and independent journalism survives under constant threat.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cThere is a very alarming situation in Turkey, where more than 85% of national corporate media is controlled by the government. Yet, we should always keep in mind the very dynamic involvement of critical media and civil society organisations in the country\u201d, \u00d6ndero\u011flu said.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In that context, he described a paradoxical reality: Turkey gaining geopolitical visibility even as domestic freedoms collapse. Covering trials of journalists weekly, he underscored how systemic repression, arbitrary detentions, and self-censorship hollow out the public sphere.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Still, \u00d6ndero\u011flu noted that new initiatives Europe-wide offer reference points for progress. In Turkey, he said, sustainability increasingly depends on rebuilding reader-based models as international funding wanes.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Together, the experts\u2019 interventions converged on one conclusion: despite mounting pressures, the struggle for media freedom is not over but transforming. The next chapter will be defined less by external aid or legal frameworks, and more by the ability of journalists, institutions, and citizens to reclaim trust and co-own the fight for truth.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

The regional program \u201cOur Media<\/strong>: A civil society action to generate media literacy and activism, counter polarisation and promote dialogue\u201d is implemented with the financial support of the European Union by partner organizations\u00a0<\/em>SEENPM<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Albanian Media Institute<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Mediacentar Sarajevo<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Press Council of Kosovo<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Montenegrin Media Institute<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Macedonian Institute for Media<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Novi Sad School of Journalism<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>Peace Institute<\/em><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/em>Bianet<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This article was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility SEENPM and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Co-funded by:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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